Cognitive Speed Training Reduces Dementia Risk by 25%
In a world where dementia affects millions, a new study is turning heads with its promise of prevention. Researchers have uncovered that a specific type of cognitive speed training can lower the risk of dementia diagnosis by an impressive 25%. This finding, drawn from a landmark 20-year randomised controlled trial, challenges long-standing scepticism about brain training and offers fresh hope for maintaining mental sharpness as we age.
The Groundbreaking Study: What It Revealed
The research, led by experts at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, followed 2,832 participants aged 65 and older over two decades. Published in a recent edition of New Scientist, the study is the first of its kind to provide robust evidence from a randomised controlled trial on interventions against dementia.
Participants were divided into four groups: one focused on speed training using a computer-based exercise called Double Decision, another on memory strategies, a third on reasoning skills, and a control group receiving no training. The speed training involved quick recall tasks where users identify a car and a road sign in a fleeting scene, with the difficulty adapting to improve performance. Sessions lasted 60-75 minutes, twice weekly for five weeks, with about half the speed training group receiving booster sessions at one and three years.
Key Results: Speed Training Stands Out
Twenty years on, analysis of US Medicare claims data showed a stark difference. Those who completed speed training with boosters had a 25% lower risk of being diagnosed with Alzheimer's or related dementias compared to the control group. Neither memory nor reasoning training showed significant effects, nor did speed training without boosters.
"The size of the effect is really quite astonishing," says lead researcher Marilyn Albert. This outcome has silenced many doubters, with Torkel Klingberg from the Karolinska Institute calling the long-term follow-up "impressive and important."
Background: The Controversy Surrounding Brain Training
Brain training has been a hotly debated topic for years. Early hype from apps and programmes promising to ward off cognitive decline led to backlash when companies were accused of overstating benefits. In 2014, nearly 70 scientists issued an open letter decrying the lack of evidence for real-world impacts on brain health. A counter-letter from over 100 experts defended the potential, but solid proof remained elusive.
This new study shifts the narrative. By focusing on specific, adaptive exercises rather than generic puzzles, it demonstrates targeted benefits. The Double Decision task hones speed, attention, and peripheral vision—skills that may bolster neural resilience against age-related decline.
Why Speed Training? Unpacking the Science
Experts speculate that the success lies in implicit learning, where improvements happen subconsciously and endure longer than explicit strategies. "Changes from this kind of learning are very long-lasting," Albert explains. The training's intensity—demanding full focus as challenges escalate—likely triggers deeper brain adaptations.
While the exact mechanisms are unclear, parallels exist in other health interventions. For instance, recent evidence links shingles vaccines to reduced dementia risk, suggesting inflammation plays a role in cognitive health. Speed training might similarly fortify the brain against such threats.
However, not all views are unanimous. Walter Boot from Weill Cornell Medicine urges caution, noting the study's multiple outcome measures could inflate findings through statistical chance. "Interpret cautiously," he advises, though he doesn't dismiss the results outright.
Implications for Everyday Life and Public Health
For the UK's ageing population, where dementia affects over 900,000 people according to the Alzheimer's Society, this research is timely. With projections estimating a rise to 1.6 million cases by 2040, accessible interventions like speed training could ease the burden on the NHS and families.
The training's brevity—mere hours over weeks—makes it feasible for seniors. Platforms like BrainHQ, which host Double Decision, are already available online, potentially integrating into GP-recommended wellness plans. In the UK, organisations such as Age UK could promote similar programmes through community centres or apps tailored for British users.
Practical Tips: Getting Started with Cognitive Speed Training
Interested in trying it? Look for adaptive speed exercises that challenge quick decision-making under time pressure. Start with 10-15 minutes daily, gradually increasing difficulty. Combine with lifestyle factors like exercise, a Mediterranean diet, and social engagement for compounded benefits.
While boosters enhanced outcomes, even basic sessions showed trends toward improvement. Consult a doctor before starting, especially if you have pre-existing conditions.
Looking Ahead: Future Research and Hope
This study opens doors for further trials, perhaps testing speed training in younger adults or diverse populations. Researchers are keen to explore neuroimaging to see how it rewires the brain—potentially revealing why speed, not memory, packs the punch.
As dementia remains a global crisis, with no cure in sight, preventive tools like cognitive speed training represent a beacon. It's a reminder that small, consistent efforts can yield astonishing results, empowering us to age with clarity and vitality.
In summary, this isn't just another brain game—it's evidence-based armour for the mind. As Albert puts it, the scepticism is fading; the benefits are real.
